![]() ![]() ![]() Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their corresponding nouns in case, number and gender. The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular. First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms. ![]() Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected, with four grammatical cases ( nominative, accusative, genitive, dative), and a vestigial instrumental, two grammatical numbers ( singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). To a lesser extent, it resembles modern German. Īmong living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including constructions characteristic of the Germanic daughter languages such as the umlaut. The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected.
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